Power electronics is a very important and integral part of the powertrain unit of every electric vehicle. The power electronics of an electric drive system control the transfer of energy between the main components of electric vehicles, such as the battery, the electric motor, and the charger. The efficiency of a given electric drive is significantly influenced by the architecture of the power electronics.

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a car that can independently run on fossil fuels and electric power. HEV vehicles are typically equipped with only a smaller traction battery and a less powerful electric motor. However, the electric motor’s performance is sufficient for the vehicle to run solely on electric power.

The toe angle is an angle that plays a key role in the overall axle geometry and affects the vehicle’s behavior on the road. The toe angle has a significant impact not only on the driving characteristics of the vehicle but also on tire wear.

Stellantis is a multinational automotive group formed by the merger of the French company Groupe PSA and the Italian-American company FCA. This merger created the fourth largest car manufacturer in the world by number of vehicles sold.